Pyelo means ‘pelvis’, and –neph refers to the ‘kidney’. So, it is the renal pelvis, a funnel-like structure of the kidney that drains urine into the ureter, and –itis means ‘inflammation’. Thus, pyelonephritis is a rapid kidney inflammation often caused by bacterial infection.
Acute pyelonephritis will classically present as a triad of fever, flank pain, and nausea or vomiting, but not all symptoms need to be present. In patients without nausea or vomiting, anorexia is common.
Symptoms may vary but often include:
The primary cause is a bacterial infection, most commonly caused by E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the second most common causative organism, followed by other enterobacteria. Other factors that can increase your risk include:
The following tests are generally performed:
Treatment for pyelonephritis typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring.
To reduce the risk of pyelonephritis, these preventive measures are considered:
If you experience symptoms of pyelonephritis, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
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